Medical consequences of chronic injection use include scarred and/or collapsed veins, bacterial infections of the blood vessels and heart valves, abscesses (boils), and other soft-tissue infections. For example, people who repeatedly snort heroin can damage the mucosal tissues in their noses as well as perforate the nasal septum (the tissue that separates the nasal passages). There are also specific consequences associated with different routes of administration. Men often experience sexual dysfunction and women’s menstrual cycles often become irregular. Many experience mental disorders, such as depression and antisocial personality disorder. Lung complications (including various types of pneumonia and tuberculosis) may result from the poor health of the user as well as from heroin’s effect of depressing respiration. No matter how they ingest the drug, chronic heroin users experience a variety of medical complications, including insomnia and constipation.
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